卷四

    史秦始皇本

    前事之不忘。後事之也。

    Ifonedoesnotforgetone’spreviousexperience,onecanlearnforthefuturefromthepast——

    垓下歌

    史羽本

    力拔山兮世。不利兮不逝。不逝兮可奈何。

    虞兮虞兮奈若何。

    Mymusclesarestrongenoughtoshakeanentiremountainandmycloutsreachthewholeworld.Yettimeisnotwithme.Althoughmyhorsewillneverrunaway,thereisstillnothingthatcanchangemybadluck.MybeautifulwomanYu,thereisnothingIcandotochangethecircumstances——

    大歌

    史高祖本

    大起兮。威加海兮故。安得猛士兮守四方。

    Thewindblowsfiercelyandthecloudsseemtofly.MypowerhasspreadthroughtheentirenationandIamreturningtomyhometown.HowshallIgetgoodmilitarypersonneltoguardmyterritoryinthefourdirections?——

    王友歌

    史后本

    用事兮氏危。迫王侯兮疆授我妃。我妃既妒兮我

    以。女兮上曾不寤。我忠臣兮何故。自中

    野兮天直。于嗟不可悔兮早自。王而死兮者

    之。氏理兮天。

    AsongsungbyPrinceofChaowhohadtomarrythequeen’sniecesunderpressure.Hewaschargedwithtreasonbecauseofthesegirls’reporttothequeen.Thesegirlsreportedhimonlybecausehedidnotlovethem.Theprincewasexecutedbystarvation——

    瓠子歌

    史河渠

    瓠子兮奈何。皓皓兮河。河兮地不得。功兮吾山平。吾山平兮野溢。沸兮柏冬日。

    延道弛兮常流。蛟兮方游。川兮神哉沛。

    不封兮安知外。我河伯兮何不仁。泛不止兮愁吾人。

    桑浮兮淮泗。久不反兮水。河兮激潺。

    北迂渡兮浚流。搴茭兮沈美玉。河伯兮薪不。

    薪不兮人罪。兮噫乎何以水。林竹兮石。

    宣防塞兮福。

    ThissongtalksaboutthelongmajorfloodingoftheHuZiRiver.Manyplaceswerecoveredbyfloodwaterlikeanocean.Theemperorattributedthistotheunkindactionsoftheriverdeity.Theywereabletocontainthefloodwaterwithmeasuressuchasusinggrassandbamboopolesfilledwithdirtasdykes——

    申叔引鄙

    史世家

    牛人田。田主之牛。

    Whentakingacowandtrespassingonsomeoneelse’sland,thelandlordofthatlandtookawaythecow——

    史世家

    恭太子更葬矣。後十四年。亦不昌。昌乃在兄。

    TheproperreburialofPrinceGongwascompleted.Butforthenextfourteenyears,thekingdomofJinstilldidnotprosper.ItprosperedonlyafterPrinceGong’solderbrothercametothethrone——

    武王女鼓琴歌

    史世家

    美人兮。若苕之。命乎命乎。逢天而生。曾我嬴。

    Thissongwassungbyakingwhohaddreamedofaverybeautifulgirl.Hefeltthatpeopleneedtobebornattherighttimetobeabletodowellinanything——

    肥引

    史世家

    死者生。生者不愧。

    Evenifthedeadcomebacktolife,thepeoplewholivewouldstillnothaveanyregrets——

    去歌

    史孔子世家

    彼之口。可以出走。彼之。可以死。哉游哉。以卒。Whatcomesoutofthosewomen’smouthsisenoughtosendpeopleinexile.Andbeingvisitedbythemisenoughtokill.Itisbettertolivewithnopressureanddieofanoldage——

    天下子夫歌

    史外戚世家

    生男喜。生女怒。不子夫霸天下。

    Havingbabyboysisnoreasontorejoice.Havingbabygirlsisnoreasontodespair.DoyounotseehowpowerfulempressWeiZiFuis?——

    褚先生引外戚

    史外戚世家

    美女入室。女之仇。

    Thearrivalofabeautifulwomaniscauseofhatredinanuglywoman——

    朱侯耕田歌

    史悼惠王世家

    深耕。立苗欲流。非其者。而去之。

    Plowdeeplyandplantseedswithlittlespaceinbetween.Whenitistimetosecurethesprouts,itisbettertospacethemoutandtakeoutthesproutsofunwantedspecies——

    一歌

    史曹世家

    何法。若一。曹代之。守而勿失。

    其清。民以壹。

    WhenXiaoHedrewupthelegalcodes,hedrewthemupclearlyandsystematically.WhenCaoSentookoverhisjob,hewasfollowingXiaoHe’sconstitutioncloselywithoutanymistakes.Thesocietystayedpeacefulandthepeopleenjoyedthetranquillife——

    歌

    史留侯世家

    高。一千里。羽翮已就。四海。

    四海。可奈何。有。尚安所施。

    Thewildgooseisflyinghigh,andwithoneflopofitswingsithasgoneathousandmiles.Itswingshavematuredandareabletocrossthefourseaswithoutanytrouble.Evenifonetriestoshootarrowsatit,therecanbenoharmdone——

    太后引鄙

    史丞相世家

    人口不可用。

    Itisnotagoodideatolistentowhatchildrenandwomenhavetosay——

    褚先生引鄙梁孝王

    史梁孝王世家

    子不孝。Spoiledchildrenarenotgoingtobefilial——

    伯夷叔采薇歌

    史伯夷列

    登彼西山兮。采其薇矣。以暴易暴兮。不知其非矣。

    神虞夏。忽焉兮。

    我安矣。于嗟徂兮。命之衰矣。

    Thissongdescribestwopeoplewhousedtobeofficialsinoneemperor’scourt.Aftercontrolofthenationchangedhands,theywouldratherstarvetodeaththanserveanotheremperor——

    秦人

    史樗里子

    力任鄙。智樗里。

    ThestrongestmanisRenBiandthewisestmanisChuLi——

    太史公引鄙起翦

    史白起王翦

    尺有所短。寸有所。

    Thereissomethinglongaboutthemeasuringunitfeet,andthereissomethingshortabouttheunitinches.Thisreferstotwogeneralswhoeachhavetheirrespectivecapabilitiesandinabilities——

    太史公又引鄙平原君

    史平原君

    利令智昏。Itisprofitthatmakesawisemanloosehissenses——

    引

    史

    有白如新。如故。

    Thisproverbreferstohowtwopeoplecanknoweachotherforeveryetdonotbecomefriends,andanothertwopeoplecanmeetforthefirsttime,yettalkliketheyareoldfriends——

    曹邱生引楚人

    史季布

    得金百斤。不如得季布一。GettingahundredJing(weightmeasure)ofgoldisnotasgoodasgettingapromisefromJiBu(nameofarenownedperson)——

    川歌

    史灌天

    水清。灌氏。水。灌氏族。

    Thischildren’ssongreferstotheriseandfallofaGuanfamilyintheYinRiverarea——

    太史公引李

    史李

    桃李不言。下自成蹊。

    Peachandplumtreesmaynotutterwords,butunderthem,thepathsareformedbythemanyvisitorscomingtoappreciatetheirblossoms.ThisisreferringtoHandynastygeneralLiGuangwhoshouldnotbejudgedbyhisappearance——

    司相如引鄙

    史司相如

    家累千金者。坐不垂堂。

    Awealthypersondoesnotsitrightundertheedgeofroofsoutoffearoffallingtiles——

    民淮南王歌

    史淮南王

    一尺布。尚可。一斗粟。尚可舂。兄弟二人。不能相容。

    Withonlyonefootofcloth,onecantailorclothessharedbymany,andevenwithoneDou(unitofgrainmeasurement)ofmillets,onecancookformany.Thiscountryisbig.WhycanitbenotsharedbytwoPrincebrothers——

    吏甯成

    史酷吏

    乳虎。直甯成之怒。OnewouldratherseeatigerwhohasjustdeliveredababyandisovertlydefensivethanmeetNingChengwhenheisangry——

    太史公引鄙游

    史游列

    何知仁。已其利者有德。

    Thereisnoneedtoknowanyvirtue.Itseemsthattheworldconsiderswhoevergetsbenefitisthevirtuousone——

    太史公又引游

    史游列

    人貌名。有既乎。

    One’sappearancedoesnotlimitthereachofone’sreputation——

    太史公引佞幸

    史佞幸列

    力田不如逢年。善仕不如遇合。

    Workinghardinthefieldisnotasgoodashavingagoodyear,beinggoodatservinginanofficeisnotasgoodasmeetingacompatiblesuperior——

    孟歌

    史滑稽孟

    山居耕田苦。以得食。起而吏。身鄙者。不辱。身死家室富。又恐受枉法。大罪。

    身死而家。吏安可也。念廉吏。奉法守。

    竟死不敢非。廉吏安可也。楚相叔敖。持廉至死。方今妻子困。薪而食。不足也。

    Thissongreferstohowitisnotrewardingtobeadecentgovernmentofficialsincethehonestonehastoliveinpoverty——

    方朔歌

    史滑稽

    沉於俗。避世金。殿中。可以避世全身。

    何必深山之中。蒿之下。

    Ilandinthisworldandescapeinsidethepalace.Itispossibletobesecludedrightinsidethepalace.Whydoesonehavetogodeepintothemountain,andliveinagrasshut——

    褚先生引郭先生

    史滑稽

    相失之瘦。相士失之。Itisamistaketocondemnahorseforbeingslimandtocondemnacapablepersonforbeingpoor——

    太史公又引殖

    史殖列

    千金之子。不死于市。Thesonofarichpersondoesnothavetodieinpunishmentofafelony——

    太史公又引人物

    史殖列

    百里不樵。千里不。居之一。之以。十之以木。百之以德。Thisreferstohowoneshouldmanageone’sassetswell.Oneshouldraisecropstogainimmediateprofits.Themainruleistofollowtheestablishedvirtueswhileonelivestoanoldage——

    人甯成

    史甯成文

    上操下。如束薪。Heisloosetohissuperiorsbutverydemandingonhissubordinateslikeheisintoomuchahurrytowaitforthewoodtodrybeforetyingittogether——

    嘉平歌

    史秦始皇本集解

    神仙得者茅初成。上升入太清。下玄洲赤城。

    世而往在我盈。帝若之嘉平。

    Thisreferstotheemperorwhochangedhisimperialchronologicaldesignation(auniquepracticeoftheChinesedynastiesforcallingcertainperiodsoftimeofthesameemperor)afterbeinginspiredbythestoryofaTaoistpractitionerwhowassaidtohaverisentoheavenandreturnedtoearthtotellpeopleabouthisexperience——

    徐引

    史殖列

    研桑心算。

    Therearetwopeople,YanandSangHongYang,whoarereallygoodatanalyzingbusinessdeals.

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